Free Oedipal Complex Essays: Hamlet’s Oedipus Complex :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet’s Oedipus Complex In Shakespeare’s play of Hamlet, we are under the impression that Hamlet has an unconscious longing for his mother. The death of Ophelia assists in displaying Hamlet’s actions of being insane. Hamlet also subconsciously reveals the truth about his feelings, whether he realizes them or not. Hamlet communicates on two different levels throughout the play. Hamlet's intimacy with Ophelia shows that he could love other then his mother and father. By having Ophelia, rather than Polonius read the love letter to Claudius, Ophelia is reminded of Hamlet offering his love to her. This presents another sight of Hamlet in a state of well being. By generating the illusion of a serious, committed relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia, the failure of this relationship a crucial factor of Hamlet's madness. At Ophelia’s funeral Hamlet says, "I loved you ever. But it is no matter. Let Hercules himself do what he may, the cat will mew, and dog will have his day". The tragic death of Ophelia is clearly contributed to Hamlet's mental lapses. In one of Hamlet’s rages he says, "Here, thou incestuous, murd’rous, damnèd Dane, drink off this portion". When Hamlet says that to the King, he mentions incest, which has nothing to do with the King and the Queen. Hamlet might have subconsciously set off an indication of secret urges be tween him and his mother. When words seem like normal conversation, there can be feelings expressed without being conscious of it. Like when Hamlet sets out rules for the Gertrude’s sexuality in their long talk alone, which seems very unusual. "O, throw away the worser part of it, and live the purer with the other half. Good night – but go not to my uncle’s bed". Hamlet suggests that his mother should be in love with him instead of his uncle. Neither Hamlet nor Gertrude realize at this point what Hamlet really means. Also, when Hamlet talks to his mother later on, he suggests that her relationship with the King makes him jealous, "Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed, pinch wanton on you cheek, call you his mouse, and let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, or paddling your neck with his damned fingers†¦". Desire is in the unconscious when we lived out the Oedipal dream, it was destined to be in a warped form, and there's surely an echo of that.

What Was the Role of the First World War on Mussolini’s Transition

What was the role of the First World War in Mussolini’s transition from Socialism to Fascism? Mussolini’s controversial transition from his Socialist roots to leader of the Fascist Party has been bewildering to many, particularly those who perceive it as a sudden and random change. However, many historians, such as O’Brien, have suggested this transition was not so random; Mussolini’s political shift from the Left to the Right was the result of World War One. Italy’s entry into the war in 1915 divided the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), which led to Mussolini’s expulsion and his rapid political evolution.On the other hand, Gregor argues that Mussolini’s underlying revolutionary nature was the main reason for his change, as it directed his beliefs to adopt various ideologies that conformed with his desire for revolution. Conversely, Payne argues that Nationalism completed the establishment of Fascism. This essay will explore these three arguments in order to understand whether Mussolini’s transition from Socialism to Fascism was the result of the war, his revolutionary nature, or the influence of Nationalism. O’Brien has argued that the developments in the First World War guided Mussolini’s political transition from Socialism to Fascism.Italy’s intervention into the war, to Mussolini’s personal experience in the trenches and the disastrous Battle of Caporetto all contributed to Mussolini’s political evolution. Italy’s intervention into World War One in 1915 signified a pivotal point in Mussolini’s political career. As a Socialist, Mussolini was expected to promote the neutrality of Italy in the war, which he initially did. In the Socialist paper, Avanti, Mussolini declared that Italy should remain neutral, as Italy had not started the war, and it would sacrifice many working class lives.However, Mussolini’s view on intervention soon changed (at least pu blically), as he began to express pro-interventionist writings in Avanti. In October 1914, Mussolini argued that the PSI had always supported the allies, therefore intervention would not be altering their beliefs and that war could be seen as an opportunity for revolution. Furthermore, he argued that neutrality was risky and it would have consequences, particularly for Italian expansionism if the Allies or Central Powers annexed territory Italy desired, such as the Balkans. However, the Socialists did not agree and 20 October 1914, Mussolini was expelled from the PSI.Thus, the issue of intervention demonstrated how Mussolini’s beliefs evolved from the start of World War One. On the other hand, Mussolini’s apparent change of heart from neutralist to interventionist was not really a change. Not only was interventionism consistent with his revolutionary Socialism, he had already published and agreed with the syndicalist, Panunzio’s, pro-intervention articles in his personal paper, Utopia in November 1913. Nevertheless, although the intervention issue may not have altered Mussolini’s views significantly, he was expelled from the PSI as a result, which had a considerable impact on his beliefs afterwards.Thus, intervention could be seen as the architect of his political evolution. Similarly, Mussolini’s personal experience in the trenches contributed to the development of his political beliefs. Mussolini joined the war in August 1915, which awakened his patriotism. He also became less anti-military. However, Mussolini’s patriotism has been identified from as early as 1909. During his time in Trentino, Mussolini became associated with Battisti; his strong patriotism for Italy inspired Mussolini.Furthermore, as a socialist, Mussolini had always stressed that Socialism was against Nationalism, not the nation. Nevertheless, his sense of national unity and tolerance of the military were expressed during his time in the trenches a nd represented a fundamental change in his political thought. It also demonstrated his tendency to adapt his views in response to changing circumstances. The Battle of Caporetto in October 1917 had a huge impact on the development of Mussolini’s political attitude; for the first time he identified with the Nationalist movement.Indeed, De Felice believes that this disaster was largely responsible for Mussolini’s transition to Fascism. The Battle was a surprise German and Austrian offensive on the Italian Army, which resulted in the collapse of the Italian Front and many deaths. This was worsened by the Italian General Cadorna; he blamed the soldiers and destroyed their morale. Mussolini defended the soldiers and wanted justice. The Nationalist movement had a similar attitude. The Battle of Caporetto enhanced Mussolini’s attitude towards the military and brought him closer to the Nationalist movement and right-wing politics.Thus, the developments in World War One created huge political unrest at home, which altered Mussolini’s political thinking and attitudes towards socialism, the military and the nation. These changes were significant in Mussolini’s transition to Fascism, therefore the war did play a central role in Mussolini’s political evolution. Alternatively, Gregor has argued that Mussolini’s transition to Fascism was the result of his revolutionary nature, as he only adopted beliefs that were congruent with his desire for revolution.This has been supported by the idea that Mussolini never truly belonged to any political Party. Indeed, Mussolini’s political beliefs from his Socialist days appear to be a culmination of borrowed ideologies from Marxism, Socialism and revolutionary Syndicalism. Although by fifteen years of age Mussolini called himself a socialist, he rejected moderate socialist ideas of reform on the grounds that it was conforming to bourgeois society and was passive. Thus, he was more influenced by Marxism.He despised the bourgeoisie and traditional institutions, such as the Catholic Church and the military, as they apparently repressed the proletariat. Consequently, he believed that class confrontation and revolution by the proletariat would resolve this repression. Mussolini opposed Parliament, as he believed they were too self-involved to transform Italy from a backward State. He also despised Nationalism as it apparently endorsed the vested interests of the bourgeoisie, church, military and monarchy.Thus, Mussolini’s political attitude was a combination of the radical aspects of Marxism, Socialism and revolutionary Syndicalism, whilst disregarding moderate aspects, such as reform. This supports the idea that Mussolini was simply a revolutionary, not committed to any one Party or ideology and that this is the reason he was able to adopt Fascism. On the other hand, it may have been Mussolini’s influences (particularly in his youth) that led to thi s mixture of beliefs, rather than his lack of loyalty to any one ideology.Mack Smith believes that Mussolini’s father had the greatest influence on his political attitude. His father was a radical socialist, often in prison, and Mussolini spent a lot of time with him and his socialist associates. However, as a young man, Mussolini became more influenced by Marx than Socialism. Furthermore, during his time in Switzerland in 1902, Mussolini became familiar with revolutionary syndicalists, such as Michels and LeBon(who wrote about crowd psychology; crowds apparently needed myths to motivate them ) and Panunzio (who was against reforms).Thus, Mussolini was surrounded by politics from a young age, which may explain why he was inspired by so many different ideologies. However, it is more likely that these influences reinforced his natural revolutionary instincts. Indeed, some of these ideas that influenced Mussolini were later seen in the Fascist regime, such as myths around the Du ce. This therefore reiterates Gregor’s argument that Mussolini’s revolutionary nature led him to adopt views that complemented his desire for revolution and was therefore open to any Party that would provide this, including Fascism.On the contrary, Payne has argued that Mussolini’s Fascism was the result of the Nationalist movement. Whilst Mussolini’s ideas evolved from Socialism, through revolutionary Syndicalism, Nationalism completed the transition. Indeed, once Mussolini was expelled from the PSI, he needed to support someone new; and so turned to the revolutionary Syndicalists who were also pro-intervention. This demonstrated Mussolini’s tendency to change according to political situations, and the importance of the ideologies he turned to.Indeed, the revolutionary Syndicalists were significant, as they had parallels with the Nationalist Party (ANI). These included violence that would lead to a revolution of the classes, imperialism and class hierarchy. They both believed that intervention into the war would create revolution, thus demonstrating unity of the Left and Right. Furthermore, syndicalists, such as Michels, stressed the importance of uniting the classes to protect the Italian nation. This highlights the element of national consciousness in Syndicalism.These overlaps demonstrate the influence of the National movement on Mussolini’s development. By adopting revolutionary Syndicalism, Mussolini was essentially adopting elements of Nationalism, which thus influenced his journey to Fascism. On the other hand, the disaster at Caporetto had a major impact on Italy’s political situation and created more support for the Nationalists. It was the reaction of the Nationalists after Caporetto that influenced Mussolini. Caporetto signified intense disillusionment with the current government and created national unity amongst the Italians.Cadorna’s blaming of the soldiers created anger and Corradini (a le ad figure in Nationalism) believed soldiers should be rewarded. This aligned with Mussolini’s view; he believed the government should boost the morale of the soldiers by uniting the nation and promoting revolution. Thus, Mussolini identified with the Nationalists for the first time after Caporetto, which may have increased his willingness to adopt Nationalist ideas in the following years. The Red years, beginning in 1919, completed this and symbolised Mussolini’s complete abandonment of Socialism.These years were characterised by strikes and national unrest. They not only brought a decline in the support for the PSI (due to fear of communism), but also created a state of confusion, particularly amongst the bourgeoisie, as to which Party to support. Mussolini recognised this situation as an opportunity to create a revolution, and thus appealed to the bourgeoisie to support him, as he knew the Proletariat were loyal to the Left. He thus concentrated on motivating the bou rgeoisie into revolution against the Socialists and Liberal Government (Nationalist element).This is another example of a fundamental change in belief. As a socialist, Mussolini had empahsised the importance of a proletariat revolutuion, but now he empahsised a revolution induced by the bourgeoise. The Red years are thus an example of how Mussolini adapted his views in response to a situation and manipulated them to achieve his aims of revolution. In this sense, Nationalism was the final factor that drove Mussolini to adopt Fascism; particularly due to the lack of a political doctrine on the Fascist part.Indeed, in 1923, the Pact of Fusion incorporated the Corradini and Rocco’s National Doctrine into Fascism. Thus, Payne’s argument that Fascism was the ultimate result of the Nationalist movement is demonstrated by the parallels of Nationalism in Mussolini’s revolutionary syndicalist thought and the growing similarities between Mussolini’s and nationalist attitudes during the failures of the war. The Red Years completed Mussolini’s gradual attraction to Nationalism, his abandonment of Socialism and led to him embrace right-wing politics. Overall, Mussolini’s transition from Socialism to Fascism was not random.The war certainly transformed Mussolini’s political career forever and made him sympathetic to the politics and institutes he had always hated; the military and Nationalism. Furthermore, World War One intensified his national consciousness, particularly his experiences in the trenches and the disaster of Caporetto. Indeed, it was essentially his patriotism that connected him to the Nationalist movement. In this sense the war did play the central role in Mussolini’s transition; in the end it was the Nationalist doctrine that defined Fascist ideology.However, Mussolini’s revolutionary nature no doubt drove all his political decisions. From a young age, he was a radical and greatly inspired by his radical father. This meant that he was open to any political Party that promoted radical ideas and can explain why he was so willing to abandon ideologies that did not conform to this, such as Socialism. Indeed, his revolutionary instinct seems to be the only thing that was consistent throughout Mussolini’s political development; from the very beginning of the Fascist movement he promoted violence and revolution which lasted until 1943.Payne’s argument, therefore, connects O’Brien and Gregor’s approaches to Mussolini’s adoption of Fascism. Whilst the war changed his political career and made him more aware of Nationalism, and his revolutionary instincts made him open to radical change, Nationalism completed it. Without the war, Mussolini may still have been in the PSI, therefore would have avoided Nationalism, and without his revolutionary instincts, he would not have been open to adopt right-wing politics, even if it was radical.Furthermore, with out the Nationalist Party, there would not have been Fascism, as it was national unity that gained the Nationalist movement support and it was Corradini and Rocco’s Nationalist doctrine that formed the basis of Fascist ideology. Thus, although the First World War transformed Mussolini’s political career, and led to the evolution of his beliefs as a result, and although the Nationalist movement completed his transition to Fascism, Mussolini’s revolutionary nature seems to be the central reason for his abandonment of Socialism and adoption of Fascism.It was this that prevented his full commitment to any Party and made him open to other political ideologies. From Marxism and Socialism, to revolutionary Syndicalism and Fascism, Mussolini’s revolutionary instincts determined the political decisions he made, which resulted in his changing views. Even if the war had never have occured, Mussolini’s desire for revolution would have motivated him to respond to alternative events and political crises that would have developed his beliefs.The war just speeded up this process due to the failures of war and incompetent government to resolve the situation. Furthermore, without the war, Nationalism would still have had the same ideology and alternative political events would have led Mussolini to join this movement. Thus, his revolutionary nature maintained one consistent idea throughout Mussolini’s transition; the desire for revolution, and he would not have rested until the opportunity occurred.

My First Online Class At Brenau And I Was Nervous - 953 Words

This was my first online class at Brenau and I was nervous about how things would go. Despite the fact that it was online and only five weeks, I enjoyed speech class and I feel like I learned a great deal in a short time. I will share with you my insights on how I improved; my plan for applying my knowledge in the future and some skills I feel like I gained from taking the course. As I reflect on the class and how I improved I think first to how nervous I felt about having to speak on camera. In my previous job I had to speak in front of people. It was a routine part of my job and I am comfortable with it. Sometimes it is hard to think about being judged and when one is standing in front of a crowd, the anxiety can sink in. Speaking in front of a computer screen is different and for me, much more uncomfortable. Perhaps in person it is easier to read the audience and give the speaker non-verbal control how he or she will present. For instance; if I am speaking to a group in person I can connect through eye contact and better sense if I need to take another direction to liven things up a bit. One of my strengths is an ability to connect with people, but I do not think that comes through nearly as much as in person. This class prepared me to speak in an unfamiliar medium and will now be less anxious if I have to so a talk or presentation via Skype or othe r electronic means. The constructive feedback provided by Dr. Simmons on my skills was helpful, and I tried toShow MoreRelatedReflections Of Oral Communications Class And Plans For Continued Progress965 Words   |  4 PagesCommunications Class and Plans for Continued Progress This was my first online class at Brenau and I was nervous about how things would go. Despite the fact that it was online and only five weeks, I enjoyed speech class and I feel like I learned a great deal a short time. I will share with you my insights on how I improved; my plan for applying my knowledge in the future and some skills I feel like I gained from taking the course. As I reflect on the class and how I improved I think first to how nervous

How to Write a Good Shakespeare Essay

How to Write a Good Shakespeare Essay? William Shakespeare is one of the most outstanding authors off all time, whose contribution into the world literature can be compared to an eternal ocean. You should take pride in such a topic of essay and consider it like a challenging task. It’s a nice opportunity for you to have a fascinating journey within the world of Shakespeare. The most important phase of writing an essay on any subject is choosing a topic. Think over what you want to discuss or prove in your work. You are lucky to take an advantage of the countless Shakespeare topics and choose exactly the one, which allows you to demonstrate your capabilities in the subject. Certainly, it can seem pretty difficult to focus on what you would like to write about. There are some general spheres, which you can consider when selecting the right topic: Mystery. The life and works of William Shakespeare are surrounded by a legion of questions and mysteries. Maybe one of them will inspire you and you would like to treat the subject in your original way. Philosophy. If you like to read literature between the lines, analyze words and discover moral lessons, this subject is right for you. In every Shakespeare’s work you can find an influential incorporation of Ethical actions, principles, philosophies and good deeds. You can concentrate on the set of important lessons of life in the selected author’s work or examine the display of one moral in different plays or poems. Analyzing. This way is for students, who have ability to write about Shakespeare’s works, analyze, appreciate and criticize. Choose a play or a poem which you can easily comprehend and like the most. You can take under consideration the famous one, but if you want to write unique essay, choose one not so popular. Regardless of which way you go, don’t forget to

Illicit Drug Use And Safe Injection Sites - 1450 Words

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Marshall et al. recorded that â€Å"[b]etween Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2005, 290 accidental illicit drug overdoses occurred within the city boundaries of Vancouver—an average of 1 ·1 per week† (1432). With SIS, the lack of understanding can first be addressed, followed by the precautions and knowledge the individuals can take away to prevent an overdose occurring personally or to another individual. Resources and support are available from the staff working at SIS, which would be lost without these injection sites creating relationships with health care workers. With the capability for healthcare providers to interact with this population, the ability to directly improve individual lives, and progress quality of life is researched and argued by authorities on the matter to occur. Sites such as ‘Insight’ were originally opened because of the growing awareness surrounding the high rates of diseases intravenous drug use is known to cause, such as HIV and the Hepatitis C virus. 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Business Case of Woolworths Limited

Question: Discuss about the Business Case of Woolworths Limited. Answer: Introduction This report depicts the importance performance assessment in organizations. In order to achieve competitive advantages from the marketplace it is necessary to evaluate the performance of every individual. Different techniques of performance assessment are described in this report and this practice based framework created a synergy between the planning and assessment of the business. Various models and business marketing strategies are used in Woolworths Limited but to achieve proper resultant on performance assessment Balanced Score Card framework is used for further assessment. The application of Balanced Score Card and the usefulness of other parameter are also demonstrated in this report. Performance assessment Performance assessment is referred to as an authentic testing technique. It is an approach to teaching and learning that values different application over the root memorization. This particular assessment analyzes the performance of the organization and all individuals involved to the business strategy (Klovien? Speziale, 2015). Accurate application of knowledge, skills and working habits help to build different organizational learning experiences. The project based learning help to build value and brand images also. This is an alternative approach, as performance of every individual leads towards the organizational success. Performance assessment is a vital component of culture. Performance assessment starts from project manager and ends up to the line manager and other employees (vom Brocke et al., 2014). Proper training and development program help to increase the overall performance of the organization. Importance of Performance Assessment in organizations During assessment of Woolworths Limiteds market position it has been found that in order to get the resultant of performance all the components are needed to be analyzed. The components are as follows: Approach of database management system to hold information with high level security Meet the mission of the organization Strategies to drive the mission Business relevant strategies Analyzing consumer satisfactory criteria Conduction of survey for the consumers of the organization Calculation of the performance and their execution Performance assessment provides benefits to organizations because it helps to drive a business towards high success (Safrudin et al., 2014). It is also referred to as a talent based management puzzle. The profits oriented to this performance assessment are: Setting of goal and revising: Each and every employees working for an organization are needed to have proper knowledge regarding their job roles. On the other hand, the recruitment board of the organization should hire employees for suitable position. Then only the contribution of the employees will be granted as beneficial for an organization. Coaching and management: Sometimes it is found that due to lack of knowledge and skills employees are unable to meet their service requirements (Sawe, Onyango Njage, 2014). Performance assessment program helps to understand what kind of additional changes are needed to be adapted so that the performance of the organization can be improved in terms of commercial revenue. Planning of development program: The business organization serves regular quality based feedback to their employees, so that, they could understand, which specific criteria are needed to be improved (Matsoso, 2014). If they want to achieve progress in their career then, they can fill the gaps and overcome the challenges by attending the training and development programs. Mainly the performance management system can also monitor and control an entire business process. Individual focus enhancement: The focuses of every individual employee are different. It is not necessary that every employee are involved to their job roles but as the objective of an organization are aligned, thus, the work support of the employees will only help to meet the mission of the organization (Bhattacharya et al., 2014). Performance assessment drives an employee towards the pre determined goal of the organization. Empowered and engaged workforce management: Shared accountability creates a culture that enhances the employee engagement. It helps them to gain development and growth in career. Performance management produces proper business infrastructure for the employees and organization as well. Methods used to conduct Performance Assessment Ranking method Graphic rating scale Critical incident method Management by objectives Balanced score card Development of a Performance Assessment model for the case project (Balanced score card) The fluent journey and continuity of a business can be interrupted by different issues and those issues can affect the customers and the stakeholders as well (Gavurov olts, 2013). Not only this but also various operational context such as economical, legal, environmental, political, social and technological perspectives are also get affected by the organizational issue. Figure 1: Balanced Score Card (Source: Gavurov olts, 2013, pp-100) These can be resolved by the adaptation of the balanced score card model. For the subsequent innovation and development of the organizational structure the components of balanced score card that are needed to be considered are as follows: For performance measurement using balanced score card Strategic objectives and strategic mapping A strategy for management system Various future opportunities Different future opportunities For any organization balanced score card is used as a measurement tool to understand the success level of an organization. Three basic additional perspectives such as consumers, internal business processes and learning and growth are related to this measurement model (Akbarian et al., 2014). This model acts as a translating tool that can convert the vision and business strategy of an organization into four different operational perspectives. The four perspectives are finance, customer, leaning and growth and the internal business process. This model does not advocate non-financial measurement rather this is used to motivate measure and develop the performance of the employees working for an organization. Mainly, seven non-financial and one financial matrix are used to measure the performance of the employees of the organization (Keyes, 2016). The metrics are as follows: Financial metrics Non-Financial metrics 1. Profitability of an organization 1. Market share 2. Productivity of an organization 3. Leadership management 4. Responsibility of the public 5. Personnel development 6. Attitude of the employees 7. Establishing balance between large-ranged and shot-ranged objectives of an organization The existing performance assessment model consists of six specific components such as purpose of the assessment, the problem scenario, characteristic of the problems, different solution based strategies, identification of the exact problem and the characteristic of the solution (Perkins, Grey Remmers, 2014). Depending on the quality of the problems, best and suitable strategic solution is required to be adapted to resolve the identified issue. The purpose of performance assessment is to increase the organizational performance in terms of enhanced revenue. Figure 2: Performance Assessment Method (Source: Klovien? Speziale, 2015, pp-50) Defining the case project that will be established The project case is focused on the marketing strategy used by Woolworths Limited to gain competitive advantages from the competitive market (Gavurov olts, 2013). Marketing mix strategy is developed by the organization to garb huge number of consumers from Australia and New Zealand as well. Objective Objective of Woolworths Limiteds marketing case project is: To develop the performance of the employees To increase the market profitability To enhance the skills and knowledge of the project members by arranging appropriate training and development programs Target of the case project The target of Woolworths Limited is to achieve brand image and meet the requirement of the consumers. Application of Balance score card methodology and Usefulness of the parameter In order to reach the future target and objective of Woolworths Limited the Balanced Score Card (BSC) method is referred to as very useful (Kalls Sauaia, 2014). The strategic mapping helps to establish a link between the intangible asset and critical process for value positioning. Figure 3: Balanced Score Card for Woolworths Limited (Source: Sawe, Onyango Njage, 2014, pp-340) It helps to get financial outcomes by meeting the demand of the consumers. The financial perspective, deals with two strategies one is productivity and the other is growth strategy (Keyes, 2016). The consumers aspect deals with price, quality, availability, selection functionality, services, partnership and brand value. The quality and availability of the proper product and services gives an improved cost structure that can utilize the asset properly. On the other hand the expanded revenue opportunities and consumer values helps Woolworths Limited to gain long term stakeholder values (Matsoso, 2014). The learning and growth aspect deals with organizational capital such as culture, leadership, strategic alignment and teamwork, certain information capital and human capital also. Appropriate services will provide beneficial operational management process, consumer management process, regulatory management and innovation and invention as well to Woolworths Limited. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, the performance assessment in terms of Balanced Score Card (BSC) helps Woolworths Limited to gain competitive advantages. The growth revenue structure will increase if the performance of all individual is judged with the measurement metrics. The importances of performance assessment in different organizations are elaborated in this report. Among different methods Balanced Score Card method is applied for Woolworths Limited to assess the performance of the organization. References Akbarian, M., Najafi, E., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., Hosseinzadeh-Lotfi, F. (2015). A network-based data envelope analysis model in a dynamic balanced score card.Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2015. Bhattacharya, A., Mohapatra, P., Kumar, V., Dey, P. K., Brady, M., Tiwari, M. K., Nudurupati, S. S. (2014). Green supply chain performance measurement using fuzzy ANP-based balanced scorecard: a collaborative decision-making approach.Production Planning Control,25(8), 698-714. Gavurov, B., olts, V. (2013). Application of the cross impact matrix method in problematic phases of the Balanced Scorecard system in private and public sector.Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES), (1 (23)), 99-119. Gavurov, B., olts, V. (2013). Application of the cross impact matrix method in problematic phases of the Balanced Scorecard system in private and public sector.Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES), (1 (23)), 99-119. Kalls, D., Sauaia, A. C. A. (2014). Implementation and impacts of the Balanced Scorecard: An experiment with business games.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,31. Keyes, J. (2016).Implementing the IT balanced scorecard: Aligning IT with corporate strategy. CRC Press. Klovien?, L., Speziale, M. T. (2015). Sustainability reporting as a challenge for performance measurement: literature review.Economics and Business,26, 44-53. Matsoso, M. L. (2014).Performance measures in supply chain management of small manufacturing enterprises(Doctoral dissertation, Cape Peninsula University of Technology). Perkins, M., Grey, A., Remmers, H. (2014). What do we really mean by Balanced Scorecard?.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,63(2), 148-169. Safrudin, N., Rosemann, M., Recker, J. C., Genrich, M. (2014). A typology of business transformations.The 360 Business Transformation Journal,2014(10), 24-41. Sawe, C. T., Onyango, C. M., Njage, P. M. K. (2014). Current food safety management systems in fresh produce exporting industry are associated with lower performance due to context riskiness: Case study.Food Control,40, 335-343. vom Brocke, J., Schmiedel, T., Recker, J., Trkman, P., Mertens, W., Viaene, S. (2014). Ten principles of good business process management.Business Process Management Journal,20(4), 530-548.

Negligence of Mactools Ltd towards Jessie-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the key issue as being the negligence on Part of MacTools Ltd towards two Parties Aurora and Jessie. Answer: Issue The case study highlights the key issue as being the negligence on part of MacTools Ltd towards two parties, i.e., Aurora and Jessie. Rule The best way to define negligence is the contravention of obligation of care, which results in the second party being injured owing to the negligent act of the first party (Latimer, 2012, p. 225). Further, the result of such actions is such that the second party is injured in a significant manner. For establishing a case of negligence, the second party is required to show to the court that there had been a presence of different elements like the duty of care, the breach of it, the injury, loss not being too remote, causation and foreseeability (Barnett and Harder, 2014, p. 148). The case of negligence begins by showing that there was a breach of duty of care. For this purpose, the presence of duty of care is to be shown, followed by showing that this duty of care had been contravened (Greene, 2013, p. 13). Whenever the duty of care is to be established, the leading case is that of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562. This is an English case where the court held that the relation between the manufacturer and consumer was such that the acts done by manufacturer could harm the consumer. This is what happened in this case, as the breach of duty of care by the defendant occurred when he let the bottle of ginger bottle being contaminated with dead snail, and the consumption of this, led to the plaintiff being injured. The defendant had claimed that he had no duty as the bottle was consumed when the plaintiff was sitting at a caf and so it was the duty of the caf. As a result of this, the defendant was required to compensate the plaintiff for their loss (E-Law Resou rces, 2017). Next comes establishing that the second party suffered some harm or injury or loss. This loss has to be substantial in nature and cannot be too remote (McKendrick and Liu, 2015, p. 468). As the loss was deemed as too remote, the damages were not awarded in the case of Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd [1961] UKPC 2. Another requirement is to show that the injury was a direct result of the negligence of the defendant. The last requirement is to present that the loss was foreseeable (H2O, 2017). For this, the view of a prudent person is to be taken, as was held was judges in the case of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 40 (Swarb, 2015). Upon the presence of all these elements in one incident, a case of negligence can be made (Gibson and Fraser, 2014, p. 170). And once the court is satisfied that all of these elements were indeed present, the injured party can apply for damages for the emotional distress, physical injury and for economic loss (Eman uel, 2015, p. 9). One of the defenses which can be cited in cases of negligence is the contributory negligence of the second party. When the second party undertakes such an activity, due to which the injury sustained by them is contributed to, they are to be held liable for their part of contribution in the injury sustained by them. And in such cases, the damage awarded to them is apportioned (Dongen, 2014, p. 365). Froom v Butcher [1976] 1 QB 286 saw the damages being reduced by 100 as the plaintiff was not wearing the seat belt when the accident was caused by the defendant (Swarb, 2017). Application Aurora To show that MacTools Ltd had been negligent, there is a need to show that the duty of care was owed by them towards Aurora. In this case, the power drill was purchased by Mulan and used by Aurora. Applying the case of Donoghue v Stevenson, even though the product was purchased by another, but used by the consumer, the manufacturer would owe a liability of care towards the consumer. So, MacTools Ltd would owe a duty of care towards the consumer, i.e., towards Aurora. This duty of care was breached as MacTools Ltd did nothing to stop the chances of injury, when they knew that there had been a 1% chance of short circuit occurrence. This made the chances of injury foreseeable. By not taking the reasonable steps to stop this occurrence, MacTools Ltd had breached their duty of care. Moreover, unlike the case of Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd, the damages were substantial as the loss of eye is a significant issue. Also, a prudent person would have taken steps against such occurrence due to the foreseeability of the loss. Even 1% chance is reasonably foreseeable and on the basis of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, a prudent company would have taken steps to correct this chance. The injury of Aurora was a direct result of the breach of duty of care. And as all the required elements of negligence are present here, a case of negligence can be made by Aurora against MacTools Ltd. Though, the damages awarded to Aurora would be reduced on the basis of Froom v Butcher as she contributed towards her injury by not reading and adhering to the safety instructions. Jessie For judging the negligence of MacTools Ltd towards Jessie, the key point which needs to be evaluated is the foreseeability of loss. The breaking of vase due to power failure could not have been foreseeable by a prudent person on the basis of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, and due to these reasons, care could not have been undertaken by MacTools Ltd. Also, the duty of care was never owed by MacTools Ltd to Jessie as they did not have such a relation and proximity in it, where the actions of one could reasonably harm the other. So, a case of negligence by Jessie would not stand against MacTools Ltd. Conclusion In short, a case of negligence can be successfully made by Aurora against MacTools Ltd for their negligence; though, the damages awarded to her would be decreased. Also, a case of negligence against MacTools Ltd by Jessie would not stand References Barnett, K., and Harder, S. (2014). Remedies in Australian Private Law, Victoria: Cambridge University Press, p. 148. Dongen, E.V. (2014). Contributory Negligence: A Historical and Comparative Study. Boston: Brill Nijhoff, p. 365. E-Law Resources. (2017). Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 House of Lords. Retrieved from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Donoghue-v-Stevenson.php Emanuel, S.L. (2015). Emanuel CrunchTime for Torts, 5th ed, Frederick, MD: Wolters Kluwers, p. 9. Gibson, A., and Fraser, D. (2014). Business Law 2014, 8th ed, Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia, p. 170. Greene, B. (2013). Course Notes: Tort Law, Oxon: Routledge, p. 13. H2O. (2017). Wagon Mound (No. 1) -- "The Oil in the Wharf Case". Retrieved from: https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/4919 Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012, 31st ed, Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited, p. 225. McKendrick, W., and Liu, Q. (2015). Contract Law: Australian Edition, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 468. Swarb. (2015). Wyong Shire Council v Shirt; 1 May 1980. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/wyong-shire-council-v-shirt-1-may-1980/ Swarb. (2017). Froom v Butcher: CA 21 Jul 1975. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/froom-v-butcher-ca-21-jul-1975/